Паркур и Unity - часть 1

//Метода получает на выход gameObject, который мы хотим конвертировать //В класс ParkourObstacle, который рассмотри далее private ParkourObstacle GetParkourObstacle(GameObject gameObject) { //Получаем доступ к BoxCollider-у переданного объекта BoxCollider collider = gameObject.GetComponent<BoxCollider>(); //Массив на 8 точек-углов var points = new Vector3[8]; //Прихраним для удобства размеры коллайдера по всем осям координат float xSize = collider.size.x; float ySize = collider.size.y; float zSize = collider.size.z; //Запоминаем позицию центра коллайдера, относительно объекта-препятствия //В большинстве случаев она будет равна Vector3.zero Vector3 center = collider.center; //Далее получаем все углы. Вычисляем локальную координату угла коллайдера //А затем с помощью функции TransformPoint преобразуем её в мировую систему координаты //Дабы не сбиться я расставлял плюсы и минусы ориентируясь на двоичное представление индекса в массиве //Где 0 это плюс, а 1 это минус //Можно было бы выполнить это всё циклом, но не думаю, что такой код был бы сильно короче или более читаемым points[0] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x + xSize / 2, center.y + ySize / 2, center.z + zSize / 2)); points[1] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x - xSize / 2, center.y + ySize / 2, center.z + zSize / 2)); points[2] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x + xSize / 2, center.y - ySize / 2, center.z + zSize / 2)); points[3] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x - xSize / 2, center.y - ySize / 2, center.z + zSize / 2)); points[4] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x + xSize / 2, center.y + ySize / 2, center.z - zSize / 2)); points[5] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x - xSize / 2, center.y + ySize / 2, center.z - zSize / 2)); points[6] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x + xSize / 2, center.y - ySize / 2, center.z - zSize / 2)); points[7] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x - xSize / 2, center.y - ySize / 2, center.z - zSize / 2)); //Далее я эмпирическим методом определил, какие точки относятся к каким граням //Wall0 - 0, 1, 2, 3 //Wall1 - 0, 2, 4, 6 //Wall2 - 4, 5, 6, 7 //Wall3 - 1, 3, 5, 7 //Floor - 0, 1, 4, 5 //Создаём объект ParkourObstacle, входными параметрами для конструктора которого, //Будут верхняя грань, массив стен, и коллайдер. return new ParkourObstacle(new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[0], points[1], points[4], points[5]), new ParkourObstacle.Wall[] { new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[0], points[1], points[2], points[3]), new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[0], points[2], points[4], points[5]), new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[4], points[5], points[6], points[7]), new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[1], points[3], points[5], points[7]), }, collider); }

public class ParkourObstacle { //Верхняя Грань private Wall _floor; //Стены private Wall[] _walls; private BoxCollider _collider; //Пытаемся определить к какой стене относится точка в пространстве //Если таких стен нет //Возвращаем false public bool TryGetWall(Vector3 point, ref Wall wall) { for (int i = 0; i < _walls.Length; i++) { //Составляем плоскость из трёх точек стены //Если ближайшая точка на плоскости совпадает с переданной нами точкой //Мы сюда передаём точки только принадлежащие BoxCollider //Так что такой проверки достаточно Plane wallPlane = new Plane(_walls[i].GetPoint(0), _walls[i].GetPoint(1), _walls[i].GetPoint(2)); if (wallPlane.ClosestPointOnPlane(point) == point) { wall = _walls[i]; return true; } } return false; } public struct Wall { //Не получилось создать массив ибо struct - это тип-значение //А массив - это тип-ссылка private Vector3 _point0; private Vector3 _point1; private Vector3 _point2; private Vector3 _point3; private const int _pointsCount = 4; //Метод для удобного получения точек стены public Vector3 GetPoint(int index) { switch (index) { case 0: return _point0; case 1: return _point1; case 2: return _point2; case 3: return _point3; default: throw new System.Exception("Wall::GetPoint index out of range"); } } } }

private List<ParkourObstacle> _parkourObstacles = new List<ParkourObstacle>(); private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other) { if (((1 << other.gameObject.layer) & _obstacleMask) != 0) { //Преобразуем в паркур-препятствие и добавляем в коллекцию доступных _parkourObstacles.Add(GetParkourObstacle(other.gameObject)); } } private void OnTriggerExit(Collider other) { if (((1 << other.gameObject.layer) & _obstacleMask) != 0) { BoxCollider collider = other.GetComponent<BoxCollider>(); //Collider будет свойством для поиска паркур препятствия _parkourObstacles.Remove(_parkourObstacles.Find(obstacle => obstacle.Collider == collider)); } }

private void Update() { //Проверка исходных условий bool isForwardPressed = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") > 0f; bool isJumpPressed = Input.GetAxis("Jump") > 0f; if (!_playerController.IsGrounded && isForwardPressed && !_isClimbing && _parkourObstacles.Count > 0 && isJumpPressed) { //Находим коллайдер для попытки паркура RaycastHit hit; if (Physics.Raycast(transform.position, transform.forward, out hit, _parkourCollider.radius, _obstacleMask)) { //Препятствие в коллекции var parkourObstacle = _parkourObstacles.Find(obstacle => obstacle.Collider == hit.collider); ParkourObstacle.Wall wall = default(ParkourObstacle.Wall); //Если нашли препятствие и успешно получили стену из него if (parkourObstacle != null && parkourObstacle.TryGetWall(hit.point, ref wall)) { //Проверяем получаем высшую точку препятствия //Проверяем что разница высот между точкой начала залезания и высшей точкой препятствия допустимая Vector3 highestPoint = wall.GetHighestPoint(); if (highestPoint.y > transform.position.y && highestPoint.y - transform.position.y <= _parkourHeight) { //Запускаем паркур StartClimbing(parkourObstacle, wall, hit.point); } } } } }

private void StartClimbing(ParkourObstacle obstacle, ParkourObstacle.Wall wall, Vector3 startPoint) { //Взводим флаг _isClimbing = true; //Создаём плоскость стены дабы с помощью нормали её определить точку начала паркура Plane wallPlane = new Plane(wall.GetPoint(0), wall.GetPoint(1), wall.GetPoint(2)); //Вычисляем две точки начала паркура, по обе сторон от стены Vector3 startPosition1 = startPoint + (wallPlane.normal * _playerController.CharacterRadius * -1); Vector3 startPosition2 = startPoint + (wallPlane.normal * _playerController.CharacterRadius); //та точка которая будет ближайшей к игроку, нас и интересует. //Очень важно правильно выбрать точку. Ибо игрок может оказаться внутри препятствия //или на противоположной стороне от него Vector3 climbStartPosition = Vector3.Distance(transform.position, startPosition1) < Vector3.Distance(transform.position, startPosition2) ? startPosition1 : startPosition2; //Вращение "Лицом к стене" Quaternion climbStartRtotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(startPoint - climbStartPosition, Vector3.up); //Запоминаем горизонтальную скорость которая была до начала залезания _velocityBeforeClimb = new Vector2(_rigidbody.velocity.x, _rigidbody.velocity.z).magnitude; //Сбрасываем скорость _rigidbody.velocity = Vector3.zero; //Отключаем управление персонажем _playerController.enabled = false; //Выключаем физику, дабы гравитация нам не мешала _rigidbody.isKinematic = true; //Запускаем корутину _parkourCoroutine = StartCoroutine(Climbing(obstacle, wall, climbStartPosition, climbStartRtotation)); } private IEnumerator Climbing(ParkourObstacle obstacle, ParkourObstacle.Wall wall, Vector3 startPoint, Quaternion startRotation) { //Первый этап из позиции персонажа к позиции начала паркура Vector3 startPlayerPosition = transform.position; Quaternion startPlayerRotation = transform.rotation; float elapsed = 0f; //Вычисляем время на перемещение из скорости перемещения float translationTime = Vector3.Distance(startPlayerPosition, startPoint) / _translationVelocity; while (elapsed < translationTime) { //Плавно перемещаем персонажа transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startPlayerPosition, startPoint, elapsed / translationTime); transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(startPlayerRotation, startRotation, elapsed / translationTime); elapsed += Time.deltaTime; yield return null; } //Второй этап - подъём вверх //Вычисляем точку назначения из позиции персонажа //Добавив к ней высоту подъёма и половину "роста" персонажа startPlayerPosition = transform.position; Vector3 targetUpPosition = new Vector3(transform.position.x, wall.GetHighestPoint().y + _playerController.CharacterHeight / 2, transform.position.z); elapsed = 0f; float climbTime = Vector3.Distance(startPlayerPosition, targetUpPosition) / _climbVelocity; while (elapsed < climbTime) { transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startPlayerPosition, targetUpPosition, elapsed / climbTime); elapsed += Time.deltaTime; yield return null; } //Последний этап //Выдвигаем персонажа вперед на два его радиуса //Дабы он комфортно остановился на верхушке препятствия, а не на его кромке Vector3 targetForwardPosition = targetUpPosition + transform.forward * _playerController.CharacterRadius * 2; float forwardTime = Vector3.Distance(startPlayerPosition, targetForwardPosition) / _forwardVelocity; elapsed = 0f; startPlayerPosition = transform.position; while (elapsed < forwardTime) { transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startPlayerPosition, targetForwardPosition, elapsed / forwardTime); elapsed += Time.deltaTime; yield return null; } //Возвращаем управление персонажем игроку StopClimbing(); } private void StopClimbing() { _isClimbing = false; _playerController.enabled = true; _rigidbody.isKinematic = false; _rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * _velocityBeforeClimb; }

public class ParkourController : MonoBehaviour { [SerializeField] private LayerMask _obstacleMask; [SerializeField] [Range(0f, 5f)] private float _parkourHeight = 1f; [SerializeField] [Range(0, 60f)] float _translationVelocity = 2f; [SerializeField] [Range(0, 60f)] float _climbVelocity = 2f; [SerializeField] [Range(0, 60f)] float _forwardVelocity = 2f; private List<ParkourObstacle> _parkourObstacles = new List<ParkourObstacle>(); private DoomController _playerController; private CapsuleCollider _parkourCollider; private Rigidbody _rigidbody; private bool _isClimbing = false; private float _velocityBeforeClimb; private void Start() { _playerController = GetComponent<DoomController>(); _rigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>(); foreach (CapsuleCollider collider in GetComponents<CapsuleCollider>()) { if (collider.isTrigger) { _parkourCollider = collider; break; } } } private void Update() { bool isForwardPressed = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") > 0f; bool isJumpPressed = Input.GetAxis("Jump") > 0f; if (isCrouchPressed && _parkourCoroutine != null) { StopCoroutine(_parkourCoroutine); _parkourCoroutine = null; StopClimbing(false); } if (!_playerController.IsGrounded && isForwardPressed && !_isClimbing && _parkourObstacles.Count > 0 && isJumpPressed) { RaycastHit hit; if (Physics.Raycast(transform.position, transform.forward, out hit, _parkourCollider.radius, _obstacleMask)) { var parkourObstacle = _parkourObstacles.Find(obstacle => obstacle.Collider == hit.collider); ParkourObstacle.Wall wall = default(ParkourObstacle.Wall); if (parkourObstacle != null && parkourObstacle.TryGetWall(hit.point, ref wall)) { Vector3 highestPoint = wall.GetHighestPoint(); if (highestPoint.y > transform.position.y && highestPoint.y - transform.position.y <= _parkourHeight) { StartClimbing(parkourObstacle, wall, hit.point); } } } } } private void StartClimbing(ParkourObstacle obstacle, ParkourObstacle.Wall wall, Vector3 startPoint) { _isClimbing = true; Plane wallPlane = new Plane(wall.GetPoint(0), wall.GetPoint(1), wall.GetPoint(2)); Vector3 startPostion1 = startPoint + (wallPlane.normal * _playerController.CharacterRadius * -1); Vector3 startPostion2 = startPoint + (wallPlane.normal * _playerController.CharacterRadius); Vector3 climbStartPosition = Vector3.Distance(transform.position, startPostion1) < Vector3.Distance(transform.position, startPostion2) ? startPostion1 : startPostion2; Quaternion climbStartRtotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(startPoint - climbStartPosition, Vector3.up); _velocityBeforeClimb = new Vector2(_rigidbody.velocity.x, _rigidbody.velocity.z).magnitude; _rigidbody.velocity = Vector3.zero; _playerController.enabled = false; _rigidbody.isKinematic = true; _parkourCoroutine = StartCoroutine(Climbing(obstacle, wall, climbStartPosition, climbStartRtotation)); } private void StopClimbing(bool isComplite = true) { _isClimbing = false; _playerController.enabled = true; _rigidbody.isKinematic = false; LastParkourTime = Time.realtimeSinceStartup; _rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * _velocityBeforeClimb; } private IEnumerator Climbing(ParkourObstacle obstacle, ParkourObstacle.Wall wall, Vector3 startPoint, Quaternion startRotation) { Vector3 startPlayerPosition = transform.position; Quaternion startPlayerRotation = transform.rotation; float elapsed = 0f; float translationTime = Vector3.Distance(startPlayerPosition, startPoint) / _translationVelocity; while (elapsed < translationTime) { transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startPlayerPosition, startPoint, elapsed / translationTime); transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(startPlayerRotation, startRotation, elapsed / translationTime); elapsed += Time.deltaTime; yield return null; } transform.rotation = startRotation; startPlayerPosition = transform.position; Vector3 targetUpPosition = new Vector3(transform.position.x, wall.GetHighestPoint().y + _playerController.CharacterHeight / 2, transform.position.z); Vector3 targetForwardPosition = targetUpPosition + transform.forward * _playerController.CharacterRadius * 2; elapsed = 0f; float climbTime = Vector3.Distance(startPlayerPosition, targetUpPosition) / _climbVelocity; while (elapsed < climbTime) { transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startPlayerPosition, targetUpPosition, elapsed / climbTime); elapsed += Time.deltaTime; yield return null; } float forwardTime = Vector3.Distance(startPlayerPosition, targetForwardPosition) / _forwardVelocity; elapsed = 0f; startPlayerPosition = transform.position; while (elapsed < forwardTime) { transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startPlayerPosition, targetForwardPosition, elapsed / forwardTime); elapsed += Time.deltaTime; yield return null; } StopClimbing(); } private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other) { if (((1 << other.gameObject.layer) & _obstacleMask) != 0) { _parkourObstacles.Add(GetParkourObstacle(other.gameObject)); } } private void OnTriggerExit(Collider other) { if (((1 << other.gameObject.layer) & _obstacleMask) != 0) { BoxCollider collider = other.GetComponent<BoxCollider>(); _parkourObstacles.Remove(_parkourObstacles.Find(obstacle => obstacle.Collider == collider)); Debug.Log(_parkourObstacles.Count()); } } private ParkourObstacle GetParkourObstacle(GameObject gameObject) { BoxCollider collider = gameObject.GetComponent<BoxCollider>(); var points = new Vector3[8]; float xSize = collider.size.x; float ySize = collider.size.y; float zSize = collider.size.z; Vector3 center = collider.center; //Wall0 - 0, 1, 2, 3 //Wall1 - 0, 2, 4, 6 //Wall2 - 4, 5, 6, 7 //Wall3 - 1, 3, 5, 7 //Floor - 0, 1, 4, 5 points[0] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x + xSize / 2, center.y + ySize / 2, center.z + zSize / 2)); points[1] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x - xSize / 2, center.y + ySize / 2, center.z + zSize / 2)); points[2] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x + xSize / 2, center.y - ySize / 2, center.z + zSize / 2)); points[3] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x - xSize / 2, center.y - ySize / 2, center.z + zSize / 2)); points[4] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x + xSize / 2, center.y + ySize / 2, center.z - zSize / 2)); points[5] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x - xSize / 2, center.y + ySize / 2, center.z - zSize / 2)); points[6] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x + xSize / 2, center.y - ySize / 2, center.z - zSize / 2)); points[7] = gameObject.transform.TransformPoint(new Vector3(center.x - xSize / 2, center.y - ySize / 2, center.z - zSize / 2)); return new ParkourObstacle(new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[0], points[1], points[4], points[5]), new ParkourObstacle.Wall[] { new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[0], points[1], points[2], points[3]), new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[0], points[2], points[4], points[5]), new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[4], points[5], points[6], points[7]), new ParkourObstacle.Wall(points[1], points[3], points[5], points[7]), }, collider); } } public class ParkourObstacle { private Wall _floor; private Wall[] _walls; private BoxCollider _collider; public BoxCollider Collider { get => _collider; } public ParkourObstacle(Wall floor, Wall[] walls, BoxCollider collider) { _floor = floor; _walls = walls; _collider = collider; } public bool TryGetWall(Vector3 point, ref Wall wall) { for (int i = 0; i < _walls.Length; i++) { Plane wallPlane = new Plane(_walls[i].GetPoint(0), _walls[i].GetPoint(1), _walls[i].GetPoint(2)); if (wallPlane.ClosestPointOnPlane(point) == point) { wall = _walls[i]; return true; } } return false; } public struct Wall { private Vector3 _point0; private Vector3 _point1; private Vector3 _point2; private Vector3 _point3; private const int _pointsCount = 4; public Wall(Vector3 point0, Vector3 point1, Vector3 point2, Vector3 point3) { _point0 = point0; _point1 = point1; _point2 = point2; _point3 = point3; } public Vector3 GetHighestPoint() { Vector3 maxPoint = Vector3.negativeInfinity; for (int i = 0; i < _pointsCount; i++) { var currentPoint = GetPoint(i); if (currentPoint.y > maxPoint.y) { maxPoint = currentPoint; } } return maxPoint; } public Vector3 GetPoint(int index) { switch (index) { case 0: return _point0; case 1: return _point1; case 2: return _point2; case 3: return _point3; default: throw new System.Exception("Wall::GetPoint index out of range"); } } } }